注：源码为学习《Windows核心编程》的一些尝试，非原创。若能有助于一二访客，幸甚。
1.程序框架
#include "Queue.h"#include#include #include #include #include "resource.h"/************************************************************************/#define chHANDLE_DLGMSG(hWnd, message, fn) \ case (message): return (SetDlgMsgResult(hWnd, uMsg, \ HANDLE_##message((hWnd), (wParam), (lParam), (fn))))// This macro function calls the C runtime's _beginthreadex function. // The C runtime library doesn't want to have any reliance on Windows' data // types such as HANDLE. This means that a Windows programmer needs to cast// values when using _beginthreadex. Since this is terribly inconvenient, // I created this macro to perform the casting.typedef unsigned (__stdcall *PTHREAD_START) (void *);#define chBEGINTHREADEX(psa, cbStackSize, pfnStartAddr, \ pvParam, dwCreateFlags, pdwThreadId) \ ((HANDLE)_beginthreadex( \ (void *) (psa), \ (unsigned) (cbStackSize), \ (PTHREAD_START) (pfnStartAddr), \ (void *) (pvParam), \ (unsigned) (dwCreateFlags), \ (unsigned *) (pdwThreadId)))// Sets the dialog box iconsinline void chSETDLGICONS(HWND hWnd, int idi) { SendMessage(hWnd, WM_SETICON, ICON_BIG, (LPARAM) LoadIcon((HINSTANCE) GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE), MAKEINTRESOURCE(idi))); SendMessage(hWnd, WM_SETICON, ICON_SMALL, (LPARAM) LoadIcon((HINSTANCE) GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE), MAKEINTRESOURCE(idi)));}
BOOL Dlg_OnInitDialog(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndFocus, LPARAM lParam){ chSETDLGICONS(hWnd, IDI_QUEUE); return TRUE;}void Dlg_OnCommand(HWND hWnd, int id, HWND hWndCtl, UINT codeNotify){ switch (id) { case IDCANCEL: EndDialog(hWnd, id); break; }}INT_PTR WINAPI Dlg_Proc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ switch (uMsg) { chHANDLE_DLGMSG(hWnd, WM_INITDIALOG, Dlg_OnInitDialog); chHANDLE_DLGMSG(hWnd, WM_COMMAND, Dlg_OnCommand); } return FALSE;}/*************************************************************************/int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstExe, HINSTANCE, PTSTR pszCmdLine, int){ DialogBox(hInstExe, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_QUEUE), NULL, Dlg_Proc); return 0;} 
2.线程安全队列的实现
/* * File: CQueue.h * Time: 2013-07-10 * 描述： 学习《Windows核心编程》 */#ifndef _CQUEUE_H_#define _CQUEUE_H_#includeclass CQueue{public: struct ELEMENT { int m_nThreadNum; // 线程号 int m_nRequestNum; // 请求号 }; typedef ELEMENT* PELEMENT;private: PELEMENT m_pElements; // 队列元素数组 int m_nMaxElements; // 数组长度 HANDLE m_h[2]; // 两个内核对象，一个互斥量一个信号量 HANDLE &m_hmtxQ; // 互斥量对象的引用 HANDLE &m_hsemNumElements; // 信号量对象的引用public: CQueue(int nMaxElements); ~CQueue(); BOOL Append(PELEMENT pElement, DWORD dwMilliseconds); BOOL Remove(PELEMENT pElement, DWORD dwMilliseconds);};#endif
/************************************************************************/CQueue::CQueue(int nMaxElements) : m_hmtxQ(m_h[0]), m_hsemNumElements(m_h[1]){ // 初始化结构数组 m_pElements = (PELEMENT)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, sizeof(ELEMENT) * nMaxElements); // 初始化数组长度 m_nMaxElements = nMaxElements; // 创建互斥量和信号量内核对象 m_hmtxQ = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL); m_hsemNumElements = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, nMaxElements, NULL);}CQueue::~CQueue(){ // 清理内核对象和内存 CloseHandle(m_hsemNumElements); CloseHandle(m_hmtxQ); HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, m_pElements);}BOOL CQueue::Append(CQueue::PELEMENT pElement, DWORD dwTimeout){ BOOL fOk = FALSE; // 等待互斥量内核对象 DWORD dw = WaitForSingleObject(m_hmtxQ, dwTimeout); // 返回WAIT_OBJECT_0表示得到了队列的独占访问权 if (dw == WAIT_OBJECT_0) { LONG lPrevCount; // 尝试向队列添加新元素 fOk = ReleaseSemaphore(m_hsemNumElements, 1, &lPrevCount); // fOk为TRUE表示队列没满，可以添加新元素 if (fOk) { m_pElements[lPrevCount] = *pElement; } else { SetLastError(ERROR_DATABASE_FULL); } // 释放互斥量，允许其他线程访问队列 ReleaseMutex(m_hmtxQ); } else { SetLastError(ERROR_TIMEOUT); } return fOk;}BOOL CQueue::Remove(CQueue::PELEMENT pElement, DWORD dwTimeout){ // 确保对队列具有独占访问权，且要求队列中有元素可取 // 等待信号量成功的副作用使它的计数减一，所以不需要显示调用ReleaseSemaphore() BOOL fOk = (WaitForMultipleObjects(_countof(m_h), m_h, TRUE, dwTimeout) == WAIT_OBJECT_0); if (fOk) { // 获取元素 *pElement = m_pElements[0]; // 取出索引为0 的元素，把数组中剩余元素向前挪一个位置 MoveMemory(&m_pElements[0], &m_pElements[1], sizeof(ELEMENT) * (m_nMaxElements - 1)); // 释放互斥量，允许其他线程访问队列 ReleaseMutex(m_hmtxQ); } else { SetLastError(ERROR_TIMEOUT); } return fOk;}
3.客户端线程
CQueue g_q(10);volatile LONG g_fShutdown = FALSE;HWND g_hWnd;// Handles to all reader/writer threadsHANDLE g_hThreads[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS];// Number of reader/writer threads int g_nNumThreads = 0;/************************************************************************/DWORD WINAPI ClientThread(PVOID pvParam){ int nThreadNum = PtrToUlong(pvParam); // 线程号 HWND hWndLB = GetDlgItem(g_hWnd, IDC_CLIENT); int nRequestNum = 0; while (1 != InterlockedCompareExchange(&g_fShutdown, 0, 0)) { nRequestNum++; TCHAR sz[1024]; CQueue::ELEMENT e = { nThreadNum, nRequestNum }; // 尝试添加元素到队列 if (g_q.Append(&e, 200)) { StringCchPrintf(sz, _countof(sz), TEXT("客户线程%d 添加元素%d"), nThreadNum, nRequestNum); } else { StringCchPrintf(sz, _countof(sz), TEXT("客户线程%d 添加元素%d失败(%s)"), nThreadNum, nRequestNum, (GetLastError() == ERROR_TIMEOUT) ? TEXT("超时") : TEXT("队列已满")); } ListBox_SetCurSel(hWndLB, ListBox_AddString(hWndLB, sz)); Sleep(2500); } return 0;}
BOOL Dlg_OnInitDialog(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndFocus, LPARAM lParam){ chSETDLGICONS(hWnd, IDI_QUEUE); g_hWnd = hWnd; DWORD dwThreadID; // 创建客户端线程 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) g_hThreads[g_nNumThreads++] = chBEGINTHREADEX(NULL, 0, ClientThread, (PVOID)(INT_PTR) i, 0, &dwThreadID); return TRUE;} 
4.服务器端线程
DWORD WINAPI ServerThread(PVOID pvParam){ int nThreadNum = PtrToUlong(pvParam); HWND hWndLB = GetDlgItem(g_hWnd, IDC_SERVER); while (1 != InterlockedCompareExchange(&g_fShutdown, 0, 0)) { TCHAR sz[1024]; CQueue::ELEMENT e; // 尝试移除元素 if (g_q.Remove(&e, 5000)) { StringCchPrintf(sz, _countof(sz), TEXT("服务器端线程%d移除客户端线程%d放入的元素%d"), nThreadNum, e.m_nThreadNum, e.m_nRequestNum); Sleep(2000 * e.m_nThreadNum); } else { StringCchPrintf(sz, _countof(sz), TEXT("服务器端线程%d 没有元素可取"), nThreadNum); } ListBox_SetCurSel(hWndLB, ListBox_AddString(hWndLB, sz)); } return 0;}
BOOL Dlg_OnInitDialog(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndFocus, LPARAM lParam){ chSETDLGICONS(hWnd, IDI_QUEUE); g_hWnd = hWnd; DWORD dwThreadID; // 创建客户端线程 for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) g_hThreads[g_nNumThreads++] = chBEGINTHREADEX(NULL, 0, ClientThread, (PVOID)(INT_PTR) i, 0, &dwThreadID); // 创建读者线程 for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) g_hThreads[g_nNumThreads++] = chBEGINTHREADEX(NULL, 0, ServerThread, (PVOID)(INT_PTR) i, 0, &dwThreadID); return TRUE;}
int WINAPI _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstExe, HINSTANCE, PTSTR pszCmdLine, int){ DialogBox(hInstExe, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_QUEUE), NULL, Dlg_Proc); InterlockedExchange(&g_fShutdown, TRUE); WaitForMultipleObjects(g_nNumThreads, g_hThreads, TRUE, INFINITE); while (g_nNumThreads--) CloseHandle(g_hThreads[g_nNumThreads]); return 0;} 